| Chemical |
Effect on
Concrete |
Concrete
Treated with Penetron |
| Acetic Acid to 30% |
Disintegrates Slowly |
S/E |
| Acetone |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Acid Waters |
Disintegrates Slowly. In
porous or cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
N/E |
| Almond Oil |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Alum |
See Potassium Aluminum
Sulfate |
N/E |
| Aluminum Sulfate less than
5% |
Disintegrates. In porous or
cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
N/E |
| Aluminum Sulfate more than
5% |
Disintegrates. In porous or
cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
S/E |
| Ammonia, Liquid |
Harmful only if it contains
ammonium salts (See Below) |
N/E |
| Ammonia, Vapors |
May disintegrate moist
concrete slowly or attack steel in porous or cracked moist
concrete. |
N/E |
| Ammonium Bisulfate |
Disintegrates. In porous or
cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
N/E |
| Ammonium Chloride |
Disintegrates Slowly. In
porous or cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
N/E |
| Ammonium Cyanide |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Ammonium Fluoride |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Ammonium Hydroxide |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Ammonium Nitrate |
Disintegrates. In porous or
cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
S/E |
| Ammonium Sulfate |
Disintegrates. In porous or
cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
S/E |
| Ammonium Sulfide |
Disintegrates |
S/E |
| Ammonium Sulfite |
Disintegrates |
S/E |
| Ammonium Super-Phosphate |
Disintegrates. In porous or
cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
S/E |
| Ammonium Thiosulfate |
Disintegrates |
S/E |
| Ashes |
Harmful if wet, when
sulfides and sulfates leach out (see Sodium Sulfate) |
N/E |
| Automobile and diesel
gases |
May disintegrate moist
concrete by action of carbonic, nitric, or sulforous acid. |
N/E |
| Benzol (Benzene) |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Bleaching Solution |
See specific chemical, such
as Hypochlorous Acid, Sodium Hypochlorite, Sulfurous Acid,
etc. |
- |
| Boric Acid |
Negligible Effect |
N/E |
| Brine |
Deteriorates |
N/E |
| Bromine |
Gaseous bromine
disintegrates Liquid bromine dintegrates if it contains
hydrobromic acid and moisture |
N/E |
| Butyl Stearate |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Calcium Chloride |
In porous or cracked
concrete, attacks steal. Steel corrosion may cause concrete to
spall |
N/E |
| Calcium Hydroxide |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Calcium Nitrate |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Calcium Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Carbazole |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Carbon Tetrachloride |
Liquid loss by seepage |
N/E |
| Caster Oil |
Dinstegrates, especially
when open to air |
N/E |
| Chlorine Gas |
Slowly disintegrates moist
concrete |
N/E |
| Chrome Plating Solutions |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Chromic Acid 5% to 60% |
Attacks steel in porous or
cracked concrete |
N/E |
| Cinders |
Harmful if wet, when
sulfides and sulfates leach out (see Sodium Sulfate) |
N/E |
| Coal |
Sulfides leaching from damp
coal may oxidize to sulforous or sulfuric acid, or ferrous
sulfate |
N/E |
| Cobalt Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Copper Chloride |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Copper Plating Solutions |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Copper Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Copper Sulfide |
Harmful if it contains
Copper Sulfate |
N/E |
| Creosol |
If Phenol present,
disintegrates slowly |
N/E |
| Deicing Salts |
Harmful |
N/E |
| Ethyl Alcohol |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Ethyl Ether |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Ethylene Glycol |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Ferric Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete |
N/E |
| Ferrous Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Flue Gases |
Hot gases (400 to 100
degrees F) cause thermal stresses. Cooled, condensed
sulfurous, hydrochloric acids disintegrate slowly |
N/E |
| Formaldehyde 37% |
Formic acid, formed in
solution, dinsintegrates slowly |
S/E |
| Formalin |
See Forladehyde |
- |
| Formic Acid 10% - 90% |
Disintegrates Slowly |
S/E |
| Fruit Juices |
Hydrofluric, other acids
and sugar cause disintegration |
N/E |
| Gas Water |
Ammonium salts seldom
present in sufficient quantity to disintegrate |
N/E |
| Gasoline |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Glucose |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Glycerine |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Humic Acid |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Hydrochloric Acid 10% |
Disintegrates rapidly,
including steel |
N/E |
| Hydrochloric Acid 30% |
Disintegrates rapidly,
including steel |
S/E |
| Hydrofluoric Acid 10% |
Disintegrates rapidly,
including steel |
S/E |
| Hydrofluoric Acid 75% |
Disintegrates rapidly |
E |
| Hydrogen Sulfide |
Not harmful, but in moist,
oxidizing environments converts to sulfurous acid (see text)
disintegrates slowly |
S/E (very slowly) |
| Hypochlorous Acid 10% |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Iodine |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Kerosene |
Liquid loss by penetration
of concrete |
N/E |
| Lactic Acid 25% |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Lamb Fat |
Solid fat disintegration
slowly, melted fat mor rapidly |
N/E |
| Lard and Lard Oil |
Lard disintegrates slowly,
lard oil more rapidly |
N/E |
| Lignite Oils |
If fatty oils ar present,
disintegrates slowly |
N/E |
| Lubricating Oils |
If fatty oils ar present,
disintegrates slowly |
N/E |
| Machine Oil |
If fatty oils ar present,
disintegrates slowly |
N/E |
| Magnesium Chloride |
Disintegrates Slowly. In
porous or cracked concrete, attacks steel. |
N/E |
| Magnesium Nitrate |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Magnesium Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Mercuric Chloride |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Mercurous Chloride |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Methyl Alcohol |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Mine Water, Waste |
Sulfides, sulfates, or
acids present disintegrate concrete and attack steel in porous
or cracked concrete |
N/E |
| Muriatic Acid |
See Hydrochloric Acid |
- |
| Nickel Plating Solutions |
Nickel Ammonium Sulfate
disintegrates slowly |
N/E |
| Nickel Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Nitric Acid 2%-40% |
Disintegrates rapidly |
E |
| Olive Oil |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Petroleum Oils more than 35
degrees Below |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Phenol |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Phosphoric Acid 10% |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Phosphoric Acid 85% |
Disintegrates Slowly |
S/E |
| Pickling Brine |
Attacks steel in porous or
cracked concrete |
N/E |
| Pitch |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Potassium Aluminum
Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance |
N/E |
| Potassium Carbonate |
Harmless unless Potassium
Sulfate present |
N/E |
| Potassium Chloride |
Magnesium chloride, if
present attacks steel in porous or cracked concrete |
N/E |
| Potassium Cyanide |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Potassium Dichromate |
Disintegrates |
S/E |
| Potassium Hydroxide, 15% |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Potassium Hydroxide, 25% |
Disintegrates concrete |
S/E |
| Potassium Hydroxide, 95% |
Disintegrates concrete |
S/E |
| Potassium Permanganate |
Harmless unless Potassium
Sulfate present |
N/E |
| Sea Water |
Disintegrates concrete of
inadequate sulfate resistance, attacks steel in porous or
cracked concrete |
N/E |
| Sewage |
Usually not harmful (See
Hydrogen Sulfide) |
N/E |
| Silage |
Acetic, Butyric, Lactic
Acids (and sometimes fermenting agent of hydrochlorice or
sulfuric acids) disintegrate fast |
N/E |
| Slaughterhouse Wastes |
Oraganic acids
disintegrate |
N/E |
| Sodium Bicarbonate |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Sodium Bisulfate |
Not harmful, except to
Aluminate Cement |
S/E |
| Sodium Carbonate |
Not harmful, except to
Aluminate Cement |
N/E |
| Sodium Chloride |
Attack in porous or cracked
concrete |
N/E Penetron will protect
rebars |
| Sodium Cyanide |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Sodium Hydroxide 1%-10% |
Not harmful |
N/E |
| Sodium Hydroxide 20%-40% |
Disintegrates concrete |
S/E |
| Sodium Nitrate |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Sodium Phosphate
(monobasic) |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Sodium Sulfate |
Disintegrates concrete |
N/E |
| Sodium Sulfide |
Disintegrates concrete |
N/E |
| Sodium Sulfite |
Sodium Sulfate, if present,
disintegrates concrete |
N/E |
| Sulfuric Acid 10%-60% |
Disintegrates rapidly |
E |
| Sulfuric Acid 60%-93% |
Disintegrates rapidly |
E |
| Sulfurous Acid |
Disintegrates rapidly |
E |
| Tannic Acid |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Tanning Liquor |
Disintegrates, if acid |
N/E |
| Tuluol (Toluene) |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |
| Vegetables |
Disintegrates Slowly |
N/E |
| Wine |
Not harmful, necessary to
prevent flavor contamination |
N/E |
| Xylol (Xylene) |
Liquid loss by
penetration |
N/E |